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1 Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reservedCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.
2 Chapter 4 Intergroup relations
3 Minority-Group Responses
Ethnic-Racial Group IdentityEthnic-group identity exists when individuals choose to emphasize cultural or national ties as the basis for their primary social interactions and sense of selfPart of the growing up process for minorities often involves the existence of a dual identity: one in the larger society and another within the person’s own group
4 Minority Group Responses
Avoidance… Chinatown, Little HaitiDeviance… crime and delinquencyDefiance… Militant takeovers, riotsAcceptance… Native Americans, Blacks
5 Consequences of Minority-Group Status
Negative Self-ImageThe result of social conditioning, differential treatment, or both, causing people or groups to believe themselves inferiorCan cause people to accept their fate passivelyCan encourage personal shame for possessing undesired qualities or antipathy toward other members of the group for possessing themA girl like me…..
6 The Vicious CircleSometimes the relationship between prejudice and discrimination is circular, Gunnar Myrdal referred to this pattern as cumulative causationA vicious circle in which prejudice and discrimination perpetuate each otherThe pattern of expectation and reaction may produce desirable or undesirable resultsHousing projects…..Underfunded and segregated schools…
7 MarginalityMinority group members sometimes find themselves caught in a conflict between their own identity and values and the necessity to behave in a certain way to gain acceptance by the dominant groupMarginality usually arises when a member of a minority group is passing through a transitional periodChildren of immigrants….
8 Dominant-Group Responses
Legislative ControlsIf the influx of racial and ethnic groups appears to the dominant group to be too great for a country to absorb, or if prejudicial fears prevail, the nation may enact measures to regulate or restrict their entryTo maintain a paternalistic social system, the dominant group frequently restricts the subordinate group’s education and voting opportunities
9 Dominant-Group Responses
SegregationSpatial segregationThe physical separation of a minority people from the rest of societyDejure and Defacto segregationSocial segregationInvolves confining participation in social, service, political, and other types of activities to members of the in-groupUnions, government jobs
10 Dominant-Group Responses
ExpulsionMass expulsion is an effort to drive out a group that is seen as a social problem rather than attempting to resolve the problem cooperativelyIt depends in part on how sensitive the country is to world opinion, which in turn is related to the country’s economic dependence on other nationsIn 1838, the United States government forcibly removed more than 16,000 Cherokee Indian people from their homelands in Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia, and sent them to Indian Territory (today known as Oklahoma). The impact to the Cherokee was devastating. Hundreds of Cherokee died during their trip west, and thousands more perished from the consequences of relocation. This tragic chapter in American and Cherokee history became known as the Trail of Tears, and culminated the implementation of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which mandated the removal of all American Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West.
11 Dominant-Group Responses
XenophobiaThe undue fear of or contempt for strangers or foreignersThis almost hysterical response begins with ethnocentric viewsEthnocentrism encourages the creation of negative stereotypes that can escalate through some catalyst into a highly emotional reactionJapanese Interment camps
12 Dominant-Group Responses
AnnihilationKilling all the men, women, and children of a particular groupIn modern times, various countries have used extermination as a means of solving the so-called race problemHolocaust and genocidesAnnihilation sometimes occurs unintentionallyLynching and civil war
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14 Dominant-Group Responses
Hate crimesMany states have passed laws mandating severe punishments for persons convicted of these crimesFederal law permits federal prosecution of a hate crime as a civil rights violation if the assailant intended to prevent the victim from exercising a “federally protected right”
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17 Theories of Minority Integration
Assimilation (Majority-Conformity) TheoryThe functioning within a society of racial or ethnic minority-group members who lack any marked cultural, social, or personal differences from the people of the majority groupTypes of assimilationCultural assimilationMarital assimilationStructural assimilation
18 Theories of Minority Integration
Amalgamation (Melting Pot) TheoryAll the diverse peoples blend their biological and cultural differences into an altogether new breed—the AmericanAccommodation (Pluralistic) TheoryMinorities can maintain their distinctive subcultures and simultaneously interact with relative equality in the larger society
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Book Details
Author : Vincent N. Parrillo
Pages : 624 pages
Publisher : Pearson 2013-08-07
Language : English
Book Synopsis
Strangers To These Shores 9th
